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Hardness: 10.0
Specific Gravity: 3.5
Refractive Index: 2.417-2.419
Color Range: colorless, yellow, red, orange, pink, purple, blue, green, brown, black
At its most basic, a diamond is pure carbon -- much like the graphite inside a pencil. However, under tremendous volcanic heat and pressure deep within the earth, this simple element is transformed into a lustrous, precious gemstone that is the hardest substance known to mankind. This compact crystal disperses light in a spectrum of colors unparalleled by other gemstones. With its captivating sparkle and radiance, every individual diamond is, like the wearer, truly unique.
Today, diamonds are, by far, the overwhelming choice for prospective brides and grooms selecting an engagement ring. They also are the recommended gift for couples celebrating their 10th, 60th and 75th anniversaries.
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What makes one diamond more valuable and costly than another? The answer is what is commonly known as "the four C's" of diamond quality: Cut, Color, Clarity and Carat weight. These four individual characteristics -- all equally important -- help to determine the overall quality and value of any diamond.
At The Jewelry Store and jcp.com, you will always find a large selection of high-quality, affordable diamond jewelry. Our jewelry pieces are designed not only to reflect your good taste, but also to bring years of pride and enjoyment to the wearer.
| | | |  | Cut
The cut of a diamond addresses the number, shape, placement and angling of the stone's facets, or polished surfaces. More than any other single factor, a diamond's cut affects its brilliant sparkle and colorful fire. (Keep in mind that the cut affects quality. The shape is generally just a matter of preference. To learn more about different diamond shapes, click here.)
A cut diamond consists of several distinct parts: a table and upper facets, which make up the crown; a girdle; and a culet and lower facets, which make up the pavilion.
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Jewelry designers must consider how a stone's proportions (width and depth) work with its facets to contribute to overall brilliance. Brilliance is the amount of light that is able to reflect through a diamond and bounce back to its surface. Essentially, a diamond's facets function as tiny prisms. A stone that is masterfully cut to proportion displays maximum brilliance. The different colors produced by the facets determine the stone's fire, another important factor in enhancing a diamond's overall value. In contrast, a poorly cut diamond -- regardless of color and clarity -- may reflect only a few colors of light or very little light at all, thus rendering the stone lifeless and dull.
When proportions are not carefully considered, a stone may be cut too deep or too shallow, causing light that enters from the top to "leak" out the bottom and sides and not bounce back to the surface. However, getting these proportions just right often requires the diamond cutter to sacrifice larger portions of the original, uncut stone. Therefore, a well-proportioned one-carat diamond might be twice as valuable as a larger, poorly proportioned stone with little fire and brilliance.
Another responsibility of the skilled diamond cutter is to cut and polish the stone so as to minimize its flaws. But while working to create a symmetrical shape with maximum reflectivity, he or she must also try to preserve the largest stone possible. This requires much training and expertise. It is not unusual for a diamond to lose up to 65 percent of its overall weight under the cutter's knife.
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The correct cut, however, can transform an average-looking raw stone into a sparkling work of art, ablaze with brilliance and fire. That's why it's important to remember that cut, even more than color, clarity, or overall size, determines the value of a polished diamond.
| | | |  | Color
The color of a diamond is the stone's actual body tint, or the overall hue of the stone itself. This is quite different from the colors of light reflected by a diamond. Reflected color is a measure of a stone's fire.
Generally speaking, the less color visible in a stone -- that is, the more colorless it is -- the more valuable it is. This is because internal color affects a diamond's ability to disperse light. Conversely, the less color, the greater a diamond's ability to reflect and refract light, creating more brilliance and fire. Therefore, a stone with less color typically will bring a higher price than one with a discernable hue.
In an effort to consistently measure of the amount of color in diamonds, the diamond industry has created a standard alphabetical grading scale. On this scale, the less color a diamond has, the higher its grade. Stones can range from completely colorless (D) to yellow (Y) to fancy, deep colors (Z).
The absolutely colorless, white stone is perhaps the rarest and most expensive of diamonds. In actuality, most range from nearly colorless to slightly yellow. However, stones that display deep, vibrant colors also are rare and valuable. Fancy color diamonds may range from bright pink to red to blue to velvety purple and are highly prized for their uniqueness and breathtaking color.
| | | | | | Clarity
Clarity refers to the size, number and location of a diamond's natural flaws, or inclusions. Inclusions are like fingerprints or tiny birthmarks, giving each diamond its own distinct character. While most inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, their darkness, size and location can affect the diamond's ability to reflect light. This, in turn, affects the stone's quality and, ultimately, its value.
The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has created a grading scale that has become a standard tool for assessing a diamond's clarity. In this scale, flawless diamonds rank at the top of the scale. "Flawless," in this instance, means that no imperfections are visible, even under ten-power (10X) magnification. These exceptionally beautiful, near-perfect diamonds are quite rare and extremely valuable.
Most diamonds fall somewhere in the VS1/VS2 and SI1/SI2 grades on the scale. These diamonds have inclusions or blemishes that are visible either to the naked eye or under magnification. When purchasing an item of jewelry that prominently features an individual diamond, it is important to know the diamond's clarity rating before you buy. Familiarizing yourself with this grading scale will help you understand the actual quality of any diamond you are considering purchasing.
| | | | | |  | FL | Flawless | No internal or external flaws or blemishes. | | | | | | 
| IF | Internally
Flawless | Free from internal blemishes visible under 10X magnification (small external details tolerated). | | | | | | 
| VVS1
VVS2 | Very,
Very
Slightly
Included | Very few minor inclusions, finish faults and/or blemishes. May include tiny pinpoints, faint clouds, small feathers or internal graining. Must be difficult to see under 10X magnification and not visible to the naked eye. | | | | | | 
| VS1
VS2 | Very
Slightly
Included | A few minor inclusions, finish faults and external blemishes. May include crystals, feathers, distinct clouds and groups of pinpoints. Flaws are somewhat visible under 10X magnification but still not easily seen with the naked eye.
| | | | | |  | SI1
SI2 | Slightly
Included | Small inclusions and external blemishes. May include crystals, clouds and feathers. Easy to see under 10X magnification but not immediately apparent to the naked eye. | | | | | |  | I1,
I2,
I3 | Included | Small inclusions and external blemishes are easily visible under 10X magnification and to the naked eye. |
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| | | Carat Weight
Diamonds are sold by the carat (ct.), which actually is a unit of weight, not size. the term comes from carob seeds, which were used in days of old to determine the weight of diamonds. The term carat, which refers to the weight of gemstones, is different from the term karat, which refers to the quality of gold.
A single carat weighs 200 milligrams, or .20 of a gram. However, when discussing the carat weight of a diamond, jewelers often speak in terms of points. In this system, 100 points (pts.) equals 1 carat. In addition, carat weight may be expressed as a fraction or decimal. For example, a 50 point diamond might be described as weighing ½ carat or .5 carat. Similarly, a 25 pt. stone is equal to ¼ ct. or .25 ct.
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| | | In most cases, the larger the carat size, the rarer the diamond. The rarer the diamond, the higher the price per carat. So, if cut, color and clarity are equal, a 2 ct. diamond will usually cost more per carat than a 1 ct. stone.
A good tip is to always consider a diamond's size as it relates to the other factors of its overall quality. For instance, a large diamond that has been cut poorly or has a poor color rating might not be as desirable as a smaller, higher quality stone. Also, a diamond of better color, cut and clarity might be more affordable in a smaller size. The best choice really depends on what is important to a) you, b) the stone's recipient and c)your budget.
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Diamonds are cut in a variety of shapes to create different styles of jewelry. The final shape of a polished stone is typically determined by the rough diamond crystal's innate shape and characteristics. A skilled diamond cutter will examine the attributes of the raw stone and then select a shape (with its corresponding facets) that will maximize the stone's fire and brilliance. That's why the shape of the diamond generally does not affect its overall quality. Rather, different diamond shapes are used to achieve different styles and effects. Following are the most popular shapes of diamonds and some things to consider when making your selection. Of course, inventory at The Jewelry Store changes all the time, so some of the diamond shapes listed below may not currently be available.
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Round
Also called a brilliant cut, the round-cut diamond is by far the most popular shape worn today. Its symmetry reflects virtually all the light that enters, making it the most brilliant of diamond shapes. It consists of 58 facets, arranged so that they radiate from the center of the diamond toward its outer rim. The round diamond is a traditional favorite for engagement rings, pendants, earrings and bracelets.
Brilliant/Round Brilliant
Commonly used names for a round-cut stone.
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Princess
A square or rectangular, modified brilliant cut -- usually with 57 facets. This relatively new cut has been quite popular recently. Requires more weight to be directed toward the diamond's depth in order to maximize brilliance.
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Marquise
The long, slender shape of a marquise-cut diamond is based on the brilliant cut. Its elongated, boat-like shape, pointed at both ends, often creates the illusion of a larger stone. The marquise can help make a small hand appear longer, but it is equally flattering on a hand with naturally long fingers. It was first developed in France in the 1740s for the Marquise de Pompadour, a mistress of King Louis XV. Today, marquise diamonds are often used in engagement and anniversary rings, pendants and earrings.
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Emerald
A square or rectangular shape with cut corners. Known as a step cut because its long, rectangular facets resemble stair steps. Inclusions and poor color are more apparent with this cut, so make sure to select a stone of superior clarity and color.
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Oval
A modified brilliant cut in the shape of an oval. A style popular for women with small hands because its elongated shape gives the illusion of length to the hands and fingers.
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Pear
A variation of the brilliant cut and a hybrid of the oval and marquise cuts. It has a teardrop-shaped girdle outline and 56 to 58 facets. Like the oval, a good choice for a hand with smaller fingers.
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Radiant
A rectangular or square brilliant cut with 70 facets. It combines the elegance of the emerald shape with the brilliance of a round cut. Like the princess, this cut requires more weight to be directed toward the diamond's depth to maximize brilliance.
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Heart
A modified brilliant cut in the shape of a heart, with a table, 32 crown facets, 24 pavilion facets and a shield-shaped culet. Essentially, a pear-shaped stone with a cleft at the top.
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Trilliant
A triangular-shaped cut developed in Amsterdam, with 25 facets on the crown, 19 facets on the pavilion and a polished girdle. This cut can either have pointed or rounded corners.
| | | In addition to these common fancy shapes, there are a myriad of other innovative and whimsical cuts, including star, flower, cloverleaf, kite, baguette, barrel, bullet, crescent, half-moon, shield, trapeze, pentagon, hexagon, keystone, epaulet, and calf's head, to name a few. Many of these cuts are used for smaller "side" stones that accompany the center stone of a ring. There are also countless variations of the standard shapes shown above. | | |
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Whenever you shop for fine jewelry -- whether it's a diamond ring, pearl earrings, a tennis bracelet or a solitaire pendant -- choosing the right setting should be one of the biggest factors behind your buying decision. Each setting creates a different "look" and has its own distinct advantages.
To help guide you through the maze of stone settings available in today's market, here's a brief glossary of some of the more common ones you're likely to encounter:
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Ballerina
A center stone is surrounded by baguettes (small, rectangular stones) set side-by-side in a pattern suggesting a ballerina's tutu. Most commonly used in rings.
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Bar
Commonly used in wedding and anniversary bands, as well as necklaces and bracelets. A line of stones are set together, separated by thin bars that hold the adjoining stones in place.
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Bezel
A setting where the top of the mounting has been pressed over the edge of a stone, completely surrounding it with a continuous metal rim. A bezel setting can take on any shape to accommodate the shape of the particular stone. Used in many jewelry categories, including earrings, necklaces, bracelets and rings.
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Cathedral
The band leading up to the stone is arched when viewed from the side, much like the arches of a cathedral.
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Channel
A series of small stones are tightly nestled next to one another in a groove, or channel. Most commonly used for wedding and anniversary bands, as well as some bracelets. Provides a smooth, even band of light (or color, depending on the gems used) and excellent stone protection.
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Cluster
Several smaller stones are set close together - sometimes even surrounding a larger center stone - to create the illusion of one big stone. Most commonly used in fashion items such as rings, earrings and pendants.
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Flush
A setting where the stone is sunk into a mounting until it is nearly level with the surface. Provides additional protection for larger stones. Most commonly used for rings.
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Invisible
A technique of setting stones close together, often in rows, with the metal that holds them in place hidden underneath. Gives heightened brilliance and a "floating" appearance. A style commonly used for tennis bracelets.
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Pavé
Many tiny stones are set as closely together as possible, to provide a uniform, glittering surface. A popular fashion setting used in numerous kinds of jewelry, including rings, earrings, bracelets, necklaces and pins.
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Prong (also "Claw")
The most popular setting for engagement rings, particularly larger solitaires. Also commonly used in earrings, pendants and other jewelry categories. Usually consists of four, five or six prongs (or claws) evenly spaced around a stone, securely cradling it in the mounting. Raises a stone high above the shank, placing the emphasis on the stone and making it appear larger. Also allows the maximum amount of light to enter from all angles, intensifying a stone's brilliance.
|  | TensionA stone is held in place by pressure applied on both sides by the ring itself, creating the illusion that the stone is floating in space. Creates a modern techno-fashion look for rings, earrings, bracelets and necklaces
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Many of the solitaire diamonds available at jcp.com have been certified by the International Gemological Institute (IGI), the largest independent gem certification and appraisal institute in the world. Every diamond certified by IGI is carefully inspected and analyzed by a team of experienced gemologists. After studying the diamond's size, cut, clarity and color, the diamond is graded, appraised and valued according to its characteristics. The diamond is then issued an IGI certificate, which you receive when you purchase an IGI diamond. This certificate not only authenticates your diamond, but it also gives you a valuable appraisal tool, should your diamond ever become lost or damaged.
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With proper care and cleaning, your diamond jewelry should bring you years of wearing pleasure. Here are a few simple tips to help you keep your diamond jewelry looking its very best.
| | Cleaning | - Clean your diamond jewelry regularly at home by hand or in an ultrasonic jewelry cleaner. You can make your own jewelry cleaning solution by mixing one part ammonia to six parts water, or by adding a mild dishwashing detergent to warm water. Rubbing alcohol removes grease.
- Gently scrub the diamond piece with a small, soft toothbrush to loosen dirt and restore the diamond's brilliance. Be careful not to scratch the metal setting. Rinse well after cleaning.
| | Storage | - Prevent diamond jewelry items from tumbling against each other or against other pieces of fine jewelry, which can cause scratches or dulling. We recommend storing your diamond jewelry in a fabric-lined box with dividers, or placing each piece in its own soft, cloth pouch.
- Wrap diamond jewelry carefully when traveling, or use a jewelry travel pouch to keep items apart.
| | Handling | - Remove your diamond jewelry before doing rough manual work or playing sports. Stones could be jarred loose or become chipped.
- Do not allow diamond jewelry to come into contact with chlorine bleach or other household chemicals. These can discolor or damage your jewelry mountings.
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|  | Now you can obtain extra protection for your jewelry or watch purchased at jcp.com Read on to discover how our optional Jewelry Care Plan or Watch Care Plan can afford you valuable peace of mind when it comes to protecting your investment. If you have additional questions, feel free to contact a JCPenney customer service representative toll-free at 1-800-709-5777.
NOTE: To purchase the JCPenney Jewelry Care Plan or Watch Care Plan, be sure to select the "jewelry/watch care plan" box prior to clicking the "add to bag" button.
Jewelry Care Plan--Comprehensive Fine Jewelry Coverage, Including: - Broken jewelry from normal wear and tear
- Cracked, chipped or scratched diamonds and gemstones
- Missing accent diamonds and gemstones
- Lost center diamonds and gemstones due to defects
- Broken or kinked chain, bracelet or clasp
- Stretched or broken pearl strands
- Cracked or thinning ring band
Watch Care Plan--Protection for Every Part of the Watch, Including: - Movement failure
- Crystal scratches or breaks
- Case or bezel damage or discoloration
- Broken or discolored band, stem or crown
- Broken clasp
Care Plan cost is based on the price of the covered jewelry or watch. See the chart below for the price/cost correlation. Both the JCPenney Jewelry Care Plan and the JCPenney Watch Care Plan are effective for two full years from the date your item was purchased. | | | | Jewelry Price | Plan Price | Watch Price | Plan Price | Up to $49.99 | $6.99 | Up to $49.99 | $9.99 | $50.00 to $99.99 | $9.99 | $50.00 to $99.99 | $14.99 | $100.00 to $199.99 | $19.99 | $100.00 to $199.99 | $29.99 | $200.00 to $499.99 | $29.99 | $200.00 to $499.99 | $49.99 | $500.00 to $999.99 | $49.99 | $500.00 to $999.99 | $99.99 | $1,000 to $4,999.99 | $69.99 | $1,000.00 to $2,000.00 | $129.99 | $5,000 to $10,000 | $189.99 | | |
| | | | | What are the JCPenney Jewelry/Watch Care Plans?
The JCPenney Jewelry/Watch Care Plans offer comprehensive protection from normal wear and tear on your jewelry/watch item for two years from the date of purchase.
How do the JCPenney Care Plans work?
After you purchase a watch or jewelry item, you will receive a Care Plan contract explaining the following: | - At any time during the two-year period of coverage, if your item is in need of repair, simply call
1-866-212-1971.Our customer-service representatives will then explain how to send your item in for repair. - Next, you will receive a prepaid mailing label.
- After you receive the label, send the item in for repair.
- Once your item is repaired, it will be sent back to you.
- If your jewelry or watch cannot be repaired, you will be reimbursed the purchase price of the item, plus tax.
- The JCPenney Service Depot will determine whether your item can be repaired or if you will be reimbursed thepurchase price.
| | | | Are there any hidden charges?
All parts and all labor charges are covered under the Care Plan. There are no co-pays or deductibles required to receive service on the product. | | | | | What happens when my JCPenney Jewelry/Watch Care Plan expires? | - The Jewelry Care Plan is renewable.
- The Watch Care Plan is NOT renewable.
| | | | | If you have additional questions regarding coverage or terms of the JCPenney Jewelry/Watch Care Plan, feel free to contact a JCPenney customer service representative toll-free at 1-800-709-5777. As always at JCPenney, our goal is to serve you, the customer, and to make every experience a positive one. | | | |  | | | At JCPenney, our pledge to you is 100% conflict-free diamonds. That means you will never purchase a conflict diamond (also known as a blood diamond) from JCPenney. In addition to adhering to the Kimberley Process, a stringent global diamond certification system, all of our diamond suppliers are bound by contract to provide us with exclusively conflict-free diamonds. Through these policies and procedures, we not only support the worldwide effort against conflict diamonds, but we also continue our support of the legitimate diamond trade, which has increased health care, education and the standard of living for millions of people in poverty-stricken countries. Read more about conflict-free diamonds, the Kimberley Process and today's diamond industry at diamondfacts.org. | | | shop for diamond jewelry shop our bridal collection
understand jewelry terms back to jewelry solutions back to top | | | | *Information and/or images marked with a "*" are provided in partor in their entirety
courtesy of Jewelry.com ©2006.
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